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Q.
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What is an MRO?
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A.
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A MRO is a physician who has had special training in conducting and interpreting drug tests. He or she reviews the results of such tests and may interview or examine the employee to determine if there is any legitimate medical reason that may explain the outcome. He or she is knowledgeable about the protocols and requirements of the various agencies that regulate drug and alcohol testing. This is to ensure that such testing is carried out properly and has legal validity.
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Q.
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Is an MRO required to review drug tests?
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A.
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MRO review is only required for drug tests performed under Department of Transportation (DOT) mandate. However, it is strongly recommended that all positive drug tests be reviewed by an MRO. This is the best way to ensure that the test is valid and can withstand legal challenge.
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Q.
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What is involved in an MRO review?
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A.
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The MRO only reviews positive results. After studying the report from the testing lab, he or she will contact the tested employee, interview the employee and take a medical history. This is to determine if the employee is taking any medications, has any medical conditions, observes any diet, or has any other medical reason for the positive result. He or she will ask the employee to furnish supporting medical or pharmacy records. After this review, if the MRO determines that a legitimate medical reason exists, the test result will be reported as negative. If no such reason exists, the test is verified as positive. The employer is notified of the final result only after the MRO has made this determination.
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Q.
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What else does the MRO do?
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A.
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The MRO is an employer's expert resource for any questions about workplace drug use and testing. The MRO can evaluate special circumstances, such as if the testing indicates a urine specimen may have been adulterated or substituted. He or she also can determine if there is a genuine medical reason when a donor claims he or she cannot produce a urine specimen. The MRO can advise an employer on how to formulate a drug testing policy that will be legal and fair, and what an employer should do if an employee tests positive. MROs also can counsel employers about other forms of drug testing, such as those using hair or saliva. The MRO does not routinely review alcohol tests, but is available to evaluate unusual problems or circumstances.
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